amduat/src/tools/amduat_pel_cli.c

#include "amduat/asl/artifact_io.h"
#include "amduat/asl/asl_store_fs.h"
#include "amduat/asl/asl_store_fs_meta.h"
#include "amduat/asl/io.h"
#include "amduat/asl/parse.h"
#include "amduat/asl/ref_io.h"
#include "amduat/asl/ref_text.h"
#include "amduat/asl/store.h"
#include "amduat/enc/asl1_core_codec.h"
#include "amduat/enc/pel1_result.h"
#include "amduat/enc/pel_program_dag.h"
#include "amduat/enc/pel_trace_dag.h"
#include "amduat/format/json.h"
#include "amduat/format/opreg_util.h"
#include "amduat/format/output.h"
#include "amduat/format/parse.h"
#include "amduat/format/pel.h"
#include "amduat/format/ref.h"
#include "amduat/pel/decode.h"
#include "amduat/pel/opreg_kernel.h"
#include "amduat/pel/opreg_kernel_params.h"
#include "amduat/pel/program_dag_desc.h"
#include "amduat/pel/run.h"
#include "amduat/pel/surf.h"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

enum {
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK = 0,
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE = 2,
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO = 3,
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_NOT_FOUND = 4,
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE = 5,
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED = 6,
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC = 7,
  AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG = 8
};

static const char *const AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_DEFAULT_ROOT = ".amduat-asl";

typedef struct {
  const char *root;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  bool quiet;
} amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t;

static void amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(FILE *stream) {
  fprintf(stream,
          "usage:\n"
          "  amduat-pel [--root PATH] [--ref-format hex|bytes] [--format text|json]\n"
          "             [--quiet] <command> [args]\n"
          "\n"
          "commands:\n"
          "  run        Execute a PEL/PROGRAM-DAG/1 program via PEL/1-SURF (store-backed).\n"
          "  exec       Execute a PEL/PROGRAM-DAG/1 program in-memory (no store writes).\n"
          "  validate   Validate a Program artifact (decode + DAG checks + params).\n"
          "  program    Program DAG tools (decode, normalize).\n"
          "  trace      Trace DAG tools (decode, from-result).\n"
          "  result     Surface result tools (decode).\n"
          "  op         Kernel op registry tools.\n"
          "  scheme     Scheme refs, type tags, profile IDs.\n"
          "  help       Show help for a command.\n"
          "\n"
          "global options:\n"
          "  --root PATH            ASL store root (default .amduat-asl)\n"
          "  --ref-format hex|bytes Reference I/O format (default hex)\n"
          "  --format text|json     Structured output format (default text)\n"
          "  --quiet                Only print machine output\n"
          "\n"
          "run:\n"
          "  amduat-pel run --program-ref REF [--scheme-ref REF|dag]\n"
          "                [--input-ref REF ...] [--inputs-file PATH]\n"
          "                [--params-ref REF]\n"
          "                [--format text|json] [--ref-format hex|bytes]\n"
          "  Output: result_ref, trace_ref, output_refs (formatted per --format).\n"
          "\n"
          "exec:\n"
          "  amduat-pel exec --program PATH|-\n"
          "                 [--input PATH ...] [--input-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                 [--output-dir DIR] [--output-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                 [--result-out PATH|-] [--format text|json]\n"
          "\n"
          "validate:\n"
          "  amduat-pel validate [--input PATH|- | --program-ref REF]\n"
          "                      [--input-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                      [--expect-type-tag TAG]\n"
          "                      [--format text|json]\n"
          "\n"
          "program:\n"
          "  amduat-pel program decode [--input PATH|- | --program-ref REF]\n"
          "                            [--input-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                            [--expect-type-tag TAG]\n"
          "                            [--format text|json]\n"
          "  amduat-pel program normalize --input PATH|- [--input-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                               [--output PATH|-] [--output-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                               [--type-tag TAG]\n"
          "\n"
          "trace:\n"
          "  amduat-pel trace decode [--input PATH|- | --trace-ref REF]\n"
          "                          [--input-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                          [--expect-type-tag TAG]\n"
          "                          [--format text|json]\n"
          "  amduat-pel trace from-result --result-ref REF [--root PATH]\n"
          "                               [--format text|json]\n"
          "\n"
          "result:\n"
          "  amduat-pel result decode [--input PATH|- | --result-ref REF]\n"
          "                           [--input-format raw|artifact]\n"
          "                           [--expect-type-tag TAG]\n"
          "                           [--format text|json]\n"
          "\n"
          "op:\n"
          "  amduat-pel op list [--format text|json]\n"
          "  amduat-pel op describe NAME[=VERSION] [--format text|json]\n"
          "  amduat-pel op params-decode --op NAME[=VERSION]\n"
          "                             --input PATH|- [--format text|json]\n"
          "\n"
          "scheme:\n"
          "  amduat-pel scheme show [--format text|json]\n"
          "  amduat-pel scheme dag-ref [--format hex|bytes]\n"
          "\n"
          "defaults:\n"
          "  --root .amduat-asl\n"
          "  --ref-format hex\n"
          "  --input -\n"
          "  --output -\n"
          "  --input-format raw\n"
          "  --output-format raw\n"
          "  --scheme-ref dag\n"
          "\n"
          "notes:\n"
          "  - Only PEL/PROGRAM-DAG/1 is supported; other scheme refs yield SCHEME_UNSUPPORTED.\n"
          "  - Expected type tags: program 0x00000101, trace 0x00000102, result 0x00000103.\n"
          "  - Encoding profile IDs: program 0x0101, trace 0x0102, result 0x0103.\n"
          "  - Kernel ops: pel.bytes.concat, pel.bytes.slice, pel.bytes.const, pel.bytes.hash.asl1.\n"
          "  - --ref-format bytes expects REF arguments to be a path or '-' (raw reference bytes).\n"
          "  - --inputs-file with --ref-format bytes expects raw concatenated references.\n");
}

static const char *amduat_pel_cli_store_error_str(
    amduat_asl_store_error_t err) {
  switch (err) {
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_ERR_NOT_FOUND:
      return "not found";
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_ERR_UNSUPPORTED:
      return "unsupported";
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_ERR_INTEGRITY:
      return "integrity";
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK:
      return "ok";
    default:
      return "unknown";
  }
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_map_store_error(amduat_asl_store_error_t err) {
  switch (err) {
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_ERR_NOT_FOUND:
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_NOT_FOUND;
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_ERR_UNSUPPORTED:
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_ERR_INTEGRITY:
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
    case AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK:
    default:
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
  }
}

static void amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(amduat_reference_t *ref) {
  if (ref == NULL) {
    return;
  }
  free((void *)ref->digest.data);
  ref->digest.data = NULL;
  ref->digest.len = 0u;
}

static void amduat_pel_cli_free_refs(amduat_reference_t *refs, size_t refs_len) {
  size_t i;

  if (refs == NULL) {
    return;
  }
  for (i = 0; i < refs_len; ++i) {
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&refs[i]);
  }
  free(refs);
}

static bool amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(const char *path,
                                          bool *stdin_used,
                                          uint8_t **out_bytes,
                                          size_t *out_len) {
  if (path == NULL || out_bytes == NULL || out_len == NULL) {
    return false;
  }
  if (strcmp(path, "-") == 0 && stdin_used != NULL) {
    if (*stdin_used) {
      return false;
    }
    *stdin_used = true;
  }
  return amduat_asl_read_path(path, out_bytes, out_len);
}

static bool amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(const char *text,
                                         amduat_format_ref_format_t fmt,
                                         bool *stdin_used,
                                         amduat_reference_t *out_ref) {
  bool ok;

  if (text == NULL || out_ref == NULL) {
    return false;
  }

  memset(out_ref, 0, sizeof(*out_ref));
  if (fmt == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX) {
    return amduat_asl_ref_decode_format(
        fmt, amduat_octets(text, strlen(text)), out_ref);
  }

  {
    uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(text, stdin_used, &bytes, &len)) {
      return false;
    }
    ok = amduat_asl_ref_decode_format(fmt, amduat_octets(bytes, len), out_ref);
    free(bytes);
    return ok;
  }
}

static bool amduat_pel_cli_append_ref(amduat_reference_t **refs,
                                      size_t *refs_len,
                                      amduat_reference_t ref) {
  amduat_reference_t *next;

  if (refs == NULL || refs_len == NULL) {
    return false;
  }
  next = (amduat_reference_t *)realloc(
      *refs, (*refs_len + 1u) * sizeof(**refs));
  if (next == NULL) {
    return false;
  }
  next[*refs_len] = ref;
  *refs = next;
  *refs_len += 1u;
  return true;
}

static bool amduat_pel_cli_append_refs_from_file(
    const char *path,
    amduat_format_ref_format_t fmt,
    bool *stdin_used,
    amduat_reference_t **refs,
    size_t *refs_len) {
  uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
  size_t len = 0;
  amduat_reference_t *parsed = NULL;
  size_t parsed_len = 0;
  amduat_reference_t *next;

  if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(path, stdin_used, &bytes, &len)) {
    return false;
  }
  if (!amduat_asl_ref_list_parse(amduat_octets(bytes, len),
                                 fmt,
                                 &parsed,
                                 &parsed_len)) {
    free(bytes);
    return false;
  }
  free(bytes);

  if (parsed_len == 0) {
    free(parsed);
    return true;
  }

  if (*refs == NULL) {
    *refs = parsed;
    *refs_len = parsed_len;
    return true;
  }

  next = (amduat_reference_t *)realloc(
      *refs, (*refs_len + parsed_len) * sizeof(**refs));
  if (next == NULL) {
    amduat_asl_ref_list_free(parsed, parsed_len);
    return false;
  }
  memcpy(next + *refs_len, parsed, parsed_len * sizeof(*parsed));
  free(parsed);
  *refs = next;
  *refs_len += parsed_len;
  return true;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_run(int argc,
                                  char **argv,
                                  const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *program_ref_text = NULL;
  const char *scheme_ref_text = "dag";
  const char *params_ref_text = NULL;
  const char *inputs_file = NULL;
  const char **input_ref_texts = NULL;
  size_t input_ref_texts_len = 0;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  const char *root;
  bool quiet;
  bool has_params_ref = false;
  amduat_reference_t program_ref;
  amduat_reference_t scheme_ref;
  amduat_reference_t params_ref;
  amduat_reference_t *input_refs = NULL;
  size_t input_refs_len = 0;
  amduat_pel_run_result_t run_result;
  amduat_reference_t trace_ref;
  bool has_trace_ref = false;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_config_t cfg;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_t fs;
  amduat_asl_store_t store;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  root = global->root;
  ref_format = global->ref_format;
  format = global->format;
  quiet = global->quiet;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--program-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --program-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      program_ref_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--scheme-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --scheme-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      scheme_ref_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input-ref") == 0) {
      const char **next;
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      next = (const char **)realloc(
          input_ref_texts,
          (input_ref_texts_len + 1u) * sizeof(*input_ref_texts));
      if (next == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: out of memory\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
      }
      input_ref_texts = next;
      input_ref_texts[input_ref_texts_len++] = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--inputs-file") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --inputs-file requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      inputs_file = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--params-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --params-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      params_ref_text = argv[++i];
      has_params_ref = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --root requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      root = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--quiet") == 0) {
      quiet = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (program_ref_text == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: --program-ref is required\n");
    free(input_ref_texts);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_load_config(root, &cfg)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to load store config: %s\n", root);
    free(input_ref_texts);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
  }
  if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_init(&fs, cfg.config, root)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize store\n");
    free(input_ref_texts);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
  }
  amduat_asl_store_init(&store, cfg.config, amduat_asl_store_fs_ops(), &fs);

  if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(program_ref_text,
                                    ref_format,
                                    &stdin_used,
                                    &program_ref)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid --program-ref\n");
    free(input_ref_texts);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (strcmp(scheme_ref_text, "dag") == 0) {
    scheme_ref = amduat_pel_program_dag_scheme_ref();
  } else if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(scheme_ref_text,
                                           ref_format,
                                           &stdin_used,
                                           &scheme_ref)) {
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&program_ref);
    free(input_ref_texts);
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid --scheme-ref\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (has_params_ref) {
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(params_ref_text,
                                      ref_format,
                                      &stdin_used,
                                      &params_ref)) {
      amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&program_ref);
      if (strcmp(scheme_ref_text, "dag") != 0) {
        amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&scheme_ref);
      }
      free(input_ref_texts);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid --params-ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
  } else {
    memset(&params_ref, 0, sizeof(params_ref));
  }

  for (i = 0; i < (int)input_ref_texts_len; ++i) {
    amduat_reference_t ref;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(input_ref_texts[i],
                                      ref_format,
                                      &stdin_used,
                                      &ref)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid --input-ref\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
      goto run_cleanup;
    }
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_append_ref(&input_refs, &input_refs_len, ref)) {
      amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&ref);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: out of memory\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
      goto run_cleanup;
    }
  }

  if (inputs_file != NULL) {
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_append_refs_from_file(inputs_file,
                                              ref_format,
                                              &stdin_used,
                                              &input_refs,
                                              &input_refs_len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read inputs file\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
      goto run_cleanup;
    }
  }

  memset(&run_result, 0, sizeof(run_result));
  if (!amduat_pel_surf_run_with_result(&store,
                                       scheme_ref,
                                       program_ref,
                                       input_refs,
                                       input_refs_len,
                                       has_params_ref,
                                       params_ref,
                                       &run_result)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: PEL surface execution failed\n");
    exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
    goto run_cleanup;
  }

  memset(&trace_ref, 0, sizeof(trace_ref));
  if (run_result.has_result_value && run_result.result_value.has_trace_ref) {
    trace_ref = run_result.result_value.trace_ref;
    has_trace_ref = true;
  }

  if (!quiet) {
    fprintf(stderr, "root=%s\n", root);
    fprintf(stderr, "program_ref=");
    if (!amduat_format_ref_write_text(stderr, program_ref, ref_format)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    } else {
      fputc('\n', stderr);
    }
    if (has_params_ref) {
      fprintf(stderr, "params_ref=");
      if (!amduat_format_ref_write_text(stderr, params_ref, ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
      } else {
        fputc('\n', stderr);
      }
    }
    if (run_result.has_result_value) {
      fprintf(stderr, "status=%s(%u)\n",
              amduat_format_pel_status_name(
                  run_result.result_value.core_result.status),
              (unsigned int)run_result.result_value.core_result.status);
      fprintf(stderr, "error_kind=%s(%u)\n",
              amduat_format_pel_error_kind_name(
                  run_result.result_value.core_result.summary.kind),
              (unsigned int)run_result.result_value.core_result.summary.kind);
      fprintf(stderr, "status_code=%u\n",
              (unsigned int)run_result.result_value.core_result.summary.status_code);
    }
  }

  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
    fprintf(stdout, "result_ref=");
    if (!amduat_format_ref_write_text(stdout,
                                      run_result.result_ref,
                                      ref_format)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode result ref\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
      goto run_cleanup;
    }
    fputc('\n', stdout);
    if (has_trace_ref) {
      fprintf(stdout, "trace_ref=");
      if (!amduat_format_ref_write_text(stdout, trace_ref, ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode trace ref\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
        goto run_cleanup;
      }
      fputc('\n', stdout);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < (int)run_result.output_refs_len; ++i) {
      fprintf(stdout, "output_ref[%d]=", i);
      if (!amduat_format_ref_write_text(stdout,
                                        run_result.output_refs[i],
                                        ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode output ref\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
        goto run_cleanup;
      }
      fputc('\n', stdout);
    }
  } else {
    fputs("{\"ref_format\":\"", stdout);
    fputs(ref_format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX ? "hex" : "bytes", stdout);
    fputs("\",\"result_ref\":", stdout);
    if (!amduat_format_ref_write_json(stdout,
                                      run_result.result_ref,
                                      ref_format)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode result ref\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
      goto run_cleanup;
    }
    fputs(",\"trace_ref\":", stdout);
    if (has_trace_ref) {
      if (!amduat_format_ref_write_json(stdout, trace_ref, ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode trace ref\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
        goto run_cleanup;
      }
    } else {
      fputs("null", stdout);
    }
    fputs(",\"output_refs\":[", stdout);
    for (i = 0; i < (int)run_result.output_refs_len; ++i) {
      if (i != 0) {
        fputc(',', stdout);
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_write_json(stdout,
                                        run_result.output_refs[i],
                                        ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode output ref\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
        goto run_cleanup;
      }
    }
    fputs("]}\n", stdout);
  }

run_cleanup:
  if (run_result.has_result_value) {
    amduat_enc_pel1_result_free(&run_result.result_value);
  }
  if (run_result.output_refs != NULL) {
    amduat_pel_surf_free_refs(run_result.output_refs,
                              run_result.output_refs_len);
  }
  amduat_pel_surf_free_ref(&run_result.result_ref);
  if (input_refs != NULL) {
    amduat_pel_cli_free_refs(input_refs, input_refs_len);
  }
  if (has_params_ref) {
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&params_ref);
  }
  amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&program_ref);
  if (strcmp(scheme_ref_text, "dag") != 0) {
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&scheme_ref);
  }
  free(input_ref_texts);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_exec(int argc,
                                   char **argv,
                                   const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *program_path = NULL;
  const char **input_paths = NULL;
  size_t input_paths_len = 0;
  amduat_asl_io_format_t input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  amduat_asl_io_format_t output_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  const char *output_dir = ".";
  const char *result_out = "-";
  amduat_artifact_t *inputs = NULL;
  amduat_artifact_t *outputs = NULL;
  size_t outputs_len = 0;
  amduat_pel_execution_result_value_t result;
  uint8_t *program_bytes = NULL;
  size_t program_len = 0;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  FILE *out_stream = NULL;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--program") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --program requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      program_path = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input") == 0) {
      const char **next;
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      next = (const char **)realloc(
          input_paths, (input_paths_len + 1u) * sizeof(*input_paths));
      if (next == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: out of memory\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
      }
      input_paths = next;
      input_paths[input_paths_len++] = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &input_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--output-dir") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --output-dir requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      output_dir = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--output-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --output-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &output_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid output-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--result-out") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --result-out requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      result_out = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      free(input_paths);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      free(input_paths);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (program_path == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: --program is required\n");
    free(input_paths);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(program_path,
                                     &stdin_used,
                                     &program_bytes,
                                     &program_len)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read program\n");
    free(input_paths);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
  }

  if (input_paths_len > 0) {
    inputs = (amduat_artifact_t *)calloc(
        input_paths_len, sizeof(*inputs));
    if (inputs == NULL) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: out of memory\n");
      free(program_bytes);
      free(input_paths);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
    }
  }

  for (i = 0; i < (int)input_paths_len; ++i) {
    uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(input_paths[i],
                                       &stdin_used,
                                       &bytes,
                                       &len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read input: %s\n", input_paths[i]);
      free(program_bytes);
      program_bytes = NULL;
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
      goto exec_cleanup;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets(bytes, len),
                                        input_format,
                                        false,
                                        amduat_type_tag(0),
                                        &inputs[i])) {
      free(bytes);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input artifact\n");
      free(program_bytes);
      program_bytes = NULL;
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
      goto exec_cleanup;
    }
    if (input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
      free(bytes);
    } else {
      /* raw inputs borrow bytes; freed via artifact cleanup */
    }
  }

  if (!amduat_pel_exec_program_bytes(amduat_octets(program_bytes,
                                                   program_len),
                                     inputs,
                                     input_paths_len,
                                     &outputs,
                                     &outputs_len,
                                     &result)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: exec failed\n");
    free(program_bytes);
    program_bytes = NULL;
    exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_STORE;
    goto exec_cleanup;
  }
  free(program_bytes);
  program_bytes = NULL;

  for (i = 0; i < (int)outputs_len; ++i) {
    char path_buf[4096];
    if (snprintf(path_buf, sizeof(path_buf), "%s/output-%d",
                 output_dir, i) < 0) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to build output path\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
      goto exec_cleanup;
    }
    if (output_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW) {
      if (!amduat_asl_write_path(path_buf,
                                 outputs[i].bytes.data,
                                 outputs[i].bytes.len)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to write output: %s\n", path_buf);
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
        goto exec_cleanup;
      }
    } else {
      amduat_octets_t encoded;
      if (!amduat_enc_asl1_core_encode_artifact_v1(outputs[i], &encoded)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode output artifact\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
        goto exec_cleanup;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_write_path(path_buf, encoded.data, encoded.len)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to write output: %s\n", path_buf);
        free((void *)encoded.data);
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
        goto exec_cleanup;
      }
      free((void *)encoded.data);
    }
  }

  if (strcmp(result_out, "-") == 0) {
    out_stream = stdout;
  } else {
    out_stream = fopen(result_out, "wb");
    if (out_stream == NULL) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to open result-out: %s\n", result_out);
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
      goto exec_cleanup;
    }
  }

  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
    fprintf(out_stream, "status=%s(%u)\n",
            amduat_format_pel_status_name(result.status),
            (unsigned int)result.status);
    fprintf(out_stream, "error_kind=%s(%u)\n",
            amduat_format_pel_error_kind_name(result.summary.kind),
            (unsigned int)result.summary.kind);
    fprintf(out_stream, "status_code=%u\n",
            (unsigned int)result.summary.status_code);
    fprintf(out_stream, "outputs_len=%zu\n", outputs_len);
    for (i = 0; i < (int)outputs_len; ++i) {
      fprintf(out_stream, "output_path[%d]=%s/output-%d\n",
              i, output_dir, i);
    }
  } else {
    fputs("{\"status\":", out_stream);
    amduat_format_json_escape(
        out_stream,
        amduat_octets(amduat_format_pel_status_name(result.status),
                      strlen(amduat_format_pel_status_name(result.status))));
    fprintf(out_stream, ",\"status_code\":%u",
            (unsigned int)result.summary.status_code);
    fputs(",\"error_kind\":", out_stream);
    amduat_format_json_escape(
        out_stream,
        amduat_octets(amduat_format_pel_error_kind_name(result.summary.kind),
                      strlen(amduat_format_pel_error_kind_name(
                          result.summary.kind))));
    fprintf(out_stream, ",\"error_kind_code\":%u",
            (unsigned int)result.summary.kind);
    fputs(",\"output_paths\":[", out_stream);
    for (i = 0; i < (int)outputs_len; ++i) {
      if (i != 0) {
        fputc(',', out_stream);
      }
      {
        char path_buf[4096];
        if (snprintf(path_buf, sizeof(path_buf), "%s/output-%d",
                     output_dir, i) < 0) {
          fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to build output path\n");
          exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
          goto exec_cleanup;
        }
        amduat_format_json_escape(
            out_stream, amduat_octets(path_buf, strlen(path_buf)));
      }
    }
    fputs("]}\n", out_stream);
  }

exec_cleanup:
  if (out_stream != NULL && out_stream != stdout) {
    fclose(out_stream);
  }
  if (outputs != NULL) {
    amduat_pel_program_dag_free_outputs(outputs, outputs_len);
  }
  if (inputs != NULL) {
    for (i = 0; i < (int)input_paths_len; ++i) {
      amduat_asl_artifact_free(&inputs[i]);
    }
    free(inputs);
  }
  if (program_bytes != NULL) {
    free(program_bytes);
  }
  free(input_paths);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_validate(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *input_path = "-";
  const char *program_ref_text = NULL;
  bool input_path_set = false;
  amduat_asl_io_format_t input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  const char *root;
  bool has_expect_type_tag = false;
  amduat_type_tag_t expect_type_tag;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_config_t cfg;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_t fs;
  amduat_asl_store_t store;
  amduat_reference_t program_ref;
  amduat_artifact_t artifact;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  bool valid = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  format = global->format;
  ref_format = global->ref_format;
  root = global->root;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      input_path = argv[++i];
      input_path_set = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--program-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --program-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      program_ref_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &input_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--expect-type-tag") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --expect-type-tag requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_parse_type_tag(argv[++i], &expect_type_tag)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid expect-type-tag\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      has_expect_type_tag = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --root requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      root = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (program_ref_text != NULL && input_path_set) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: use --input or --program-ref\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  memset(&artifact, 0, sizeof(artifact));
  if (program_ref_text != NULL) {
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_load_config(root, &cfg)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to load store config: %s\n", root);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_init(&fs, cfg.config, root)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize store\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    amduat_asl_store_init(&store, cfg.config, amduat_asl_store_fs_ops(), &fs);

    if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(program_ref_text,
                                      ref_format,
                                      &stdin_used,
                                      &program_ref)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid program-ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }

    {
      amduat_asl_store_error_t err =
          amduat_asl_store_get(&store, program_ref, &artifact);
      if (err != AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: store get failed: %s\n",
                amduat_pel_cli_store_error_str(err));
        amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&program_ref);
        return amduat_pel_cli_map_store_error(err);
      }
    }
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&program_ref);
  } else {
    uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(input_path,
                                       &stdin_used,
                                       &bytes,
                                       &len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read input\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets(bytes, len),
                                        input_format,
                                        false,
                                        amduat_type_tag(0),
                                        &artifact)) {
      free(bytes);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid artifact encoding\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    if (input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
      free(bytes);
    }
  }

  if (has_expect_type_tag) {
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_expect_type_tag(&artifact, expect_type_tag)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
      amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
    }
  }
  if (artifact.has_type_tag &&
      artifact.type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_PEL_TYPE_TAG_PROGRAM_DAG_1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
  }

  if (!amduat_pel_program_validate_artifact(&artifact, &valid)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid program encoding\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);

  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
    fprintf(stdout, "valid=%s\n", valid ? "true" : "false");
  } else {
    fprintf(stdout, "{\"valid\":%s}\n", valid ? "true" : "false");
  }

  if (!valid) {
    exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
  }
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_program_decode(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *input_path = "-";
  const char *program_ref_text = NULL;
  bool input_path_set = false;
  amduat_asl_io_format_t input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  const char *root;
  bool has_expect_type_tag = false;
  amduat_type_tag_t expect_type_tag;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_config_t cfg;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_t fs;
  amduat_asl_store_t store;
  amduat_reference_t program_ref;
  amduat_artifact_t artifact;
  amduat_pel_program_t program;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;
  ref_format = global->ref_format;
  root = global->root;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      input_path = argv[++i];
      input_path_set = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--program-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --program-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      program_ref_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &input_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--expect-type-tag") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --expect-type-tag requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_parse_type_tag(argv[++i], &expect_type_tag)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid expect-type-tag\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      has_expect_type_tag = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --root requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      root = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (program_ref_text != NULL && input_path_set) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: use --input or --program-ref\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  memset(&artifact, 0, sizeof(artifact));
  if (program_ref_text != NULL) {
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_load_config(root, &cfg)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to load store config: %s\n", root);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_init(&fs, cfg.config, root)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize store\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    amduat_asl_store_init(&store, cfg.config, amduat_asl_store_fs_ops(), &fs);

    if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(program_ref_text,
                                      ref_format,
                                      &stdin_used,
                                      &program_ref)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid program-ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }

    {
      amduat_asl_store_error_t err =
          amduat_asl_store_get(&store, program_ref, &artifact);
      if (err != AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: store get failed: %s\n",
                amduat_pel_cli_store_error_str(err));
        amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&program_ref);
        return amduat_pel_cli_map_store_error(err);
      }
    }
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&program_ref);
  } else {
    uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(input_path,
                                       &stdin_used,
                                       &bytes,
                                       &len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read input\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets(bytes, len),
                                        input_format,
                                        false,
                                        amduat_type_tag(0),
                                        &artifact)) {
      free(bytes);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid artifact encoding\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    if (input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
      free(bytes);
    }
  }

  if (has_expect_type_tag) {
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_expect_type_tag(&artifact, expect_type_tag)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
      amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
    }
  }
  if (artifact.has_type_tag &&
      artifact.type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_PEL_TYPE_TAG_PROGRAM_DAG_1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
  }

  memset(&program, 0, sizeof(program));
  if (!amduat_pel_program_decode_artifact(&artifact, &program)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid program encoding\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (!amduat_format_pel_program(stdout, &program, format)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to format program\n");
    exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  } else if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_JSON) {
    fputc('\n', stdout);
  }

  amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_free(&program);
  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_program_normalize(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *input_path = "-";
  const char *output_path = "-";
  amduat_asl_io_format_t input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  amduat_asl_io_format_t output_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  bool has_type_tag = false;
  amduat_type_tag_t type_tag;
  amduat_artifact_t artifact;
  amduat_pel_program_t program;
  amduat_octets_t normalized;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  (void)global;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      input_path = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &input_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--output") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --output requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      output_path = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--output-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --output-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &output_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid output-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--type-tag") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --type-tag requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_parse_type_tag(argv[++i], &type_tag)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid type-tag\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      has_type_tag = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  memset(&artifact, 0, sizeof(artifact));
  {
    uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(input_path,
                                       &stdin_used,
                                       &bytes,
                                       &len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read input\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets(bytes, len),
                                        input_format,
                                        false,
                                        amduat_type_tag(0),
                                        &artifact)) {
      free(bytes);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid artifact encoding\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    if (input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
      free(bytes);
    }
  }

  memset(&program, 0, sizeof(program));
  if (artifact.has_type_tag &&
      artifact.type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_PEL_TYPE_TAG_PROGRAM_DAG_1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
  }
  if (!amduat_pel_program_decode_artifact(&artifact, &program)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid program encoding\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  normalized = amduat_octets(NULL, 0);
  if (!amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_encode_v1(&program, &normalized)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to normalize program\n");
    amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_free(&program);
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (output_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW) {
    if (!amduat_asl_write_path(output_path,
                               normalized.data,
                               normalized.len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to write output\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
    }
  } else {
    amduat_type_tag_t tag =
        has_type_tag ? type_tag
                     : (artifact.has_type_tag
                            ? artifact.type_tag
                            : amduat_type_tag(AMDUAT_PEL_TYPE_TAG_PROGRAM_DAG_1));
    amduat_artifact_t out_artifact =
        amduat_artifact_with_type(normalized, tag);
    amduat_octets_t encoded;
    if (!amduat_enc_asl1_core_encode_artifact_v1(out_artifact, &encoded)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode output artifact\n");
      exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    } else {
      if (!amduat_asl_write_path(output_path, encoded.data, encoded.len)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to write output\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
      }
      free((void *)encoded.data);
    }
  }

  free((void *)normalized.data);
  amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_free(&program);
  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_program(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  if (argc < 1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: program requires a subcommand\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "decode") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_program_decode(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "normalize") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_program_normalize(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown program subcommand: %s\n", argv[0]);
  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_trace_decode(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *input_path = "-";
  const char *trace_ref_text = NULL;
  bool input_path_set = false;
  amduat_asl_io_format_t input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  const char *root;
  bool has_expect_type_tag = false;
  amduat_type_tag_t expect_type_tag;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_config_t cfg;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_t fs;
  amduat_asl_store_t store;
  amduat_reference_t trace_ref;
  amduat_artifact_t artifact;
  amduat_pel_trace_dag_value_t trace;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;
  ref_format = global->ref_format;
  root = global->root;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      input_path = argv[++i];
      input_path_set = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--trace-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --trace-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      trace_ref_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &input_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--expect-type-tag") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --expect-type-tag requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_parse_type_tag(argv[++i], &expect_type_tag)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid expect-type-tag\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      has_expect_type_tag = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --root requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      root = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (trace_ref_text != NULL && input_path_set) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: use --input or --trace-ref\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  memset(&artifact, 0, sizeof(artifact));
  if (trace_ref_text != NULL) {
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_load_config(root, &cfg)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to load store config: %s\n", root);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_init(&fs, cfg.config, root)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize store\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    amduat_asl_store_init(&store, cfg.config, amduat_asl_store_fs_ops(), &fs);

    if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(trace_ref_text,
                                      ref_format,
                                      &stdin_used,
                                      &trace_ref)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid trace-ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }

    {
      amduat_asl_store_error_t err =
          amduat_asl_store_get(&store, trace_ref, &artifact);
      if (err != AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: store get failed: %s\n",
                amduat_pel_cli_store_error_str(err));
        amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&trace_ref);
        return amduat_pel_cli_map_store_error(err);
      }
    }
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&trace_ref);
  } else {
    uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(input_path,
                                       &stdin_used,
                                       &bytes,
                                       &len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read input\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets(bytes, len),
                                        input_format,
                                        false,
                                        amduat_type_tag(0),
                                        &artifact)) {
      free(bytes);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid artifact encoding\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    if (input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
      free(bytes);
    }
  }

  if (has_expect_type_tag) {
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_expect_type_tag(&artifact, expect_type_tag)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
      amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
    }
  }
  if (artifact.has_type_tag &&
      artifact.type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL_TRACE_DAG_1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
  }

  memset(&trace, 0, sizeof(trace));
  if (!amduat_pel_trace_decode_artifact(&artifact, &trace)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid trace encoding\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (!amduat_format_pel_trace(stdout, &trace, format, ref_format)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to format trace\n");
    exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  } else if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_JSON) {
    fputc('\n', stdout);
  }

  amduat_enc_pel_trace_dag_free(&trace);
  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_trace_from_result(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *result_ref_text = NULL;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  const char *root;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_config_t cfg;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_t fs;
  amduat_asl_store_t store;
  amduat_reference_t result_ref;
  amduat_artifact_t artifact;
  amduat_pel_surface_execution_result_t result;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;
  ref_format = global->ref_format;
  root = global->root;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--result-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --result-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      result_ref_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --root requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      root = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (result_ref_text == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: --result-ref is required\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_load_config(root, &cfg)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to load store config: %s\n", root);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
  }
  if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_init(&fs, cfg.config, root)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize store\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
  }
  amduat_asl_store_init(&store, cfg.config, amduat_asl_store_fs_ops(), &fs);

  if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(result_ref_text,
                                    ref_format,
                                    &stdin_used,
                                    &result_ref)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid result-ref\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  memset(&artifact, 0, sizeof(artifact));
  {
    amduat_asl_store_error_t err =
        amduat_asl_store_get(&store, result_ref, &artifact);
    if (err != AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: store get failed: %s\n",
              amduat_pel_cli_store_error_str(err));
      amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&result_ref);
      return amduat_pel_cli_map_store_error(err);
    }
  }

  memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
  if (artifact.has_type_tag &&
      artifact.type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL1_RESULT_1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&result_ref);
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
  }
  if (!amduat_pel_result_decode_artifact(&artifact, &result)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid result encoding\n");
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&result_ref);
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
    fprintf(stdout, "has_trace_ref=%s\n",
            result.has_trace_ref ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stdout, "trace_ref=");
    if (result.has_trace_ref) {
      if (!amduat_format_ref_write_text(stdout,
                                        result.trace_ref,
                                        ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode trace ref\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
      }
    }
    fputc('\n', stdout);
  } else {
    fputs("{\"has_trace_ref\":", stdout);
    fputs(result.has_trace_ref ? "true" : "false", stdout);
    fputs(",\"trace_ref\":", stdout);
    if (result.has_trace_ref) {
      if (!amduat_format_ref_write_json(stdout,
                                        result.trace_ref,
                                        ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode trace ref\n");
        exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
      }
    } else {
      fputs("null", stdout);
    }
    fputs("}\n", stdout);
  }

  amduat_enc_pel1_result_free(&result);
  amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&result_ref);
  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_trace(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  if (argc < 1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: trace requires a subcommand\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "decode") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_trace_decode(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "from-result") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_trace_from_result(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown trace subcommand: %s\n", argv[0]);
  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_result_decode(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *input_path = "-";
  const char *result_ref_text = NULL;
  bool input_path_set = false;
  amduat_asl_io_format_t input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  const char *root;
  bool has_expect_type_tag = false;
  amduat_type_tag_t expect_type_tag;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_config_t cfg;
  amduat_asl_store_fs_t fs;
  amduat_asl_store_t store;
  amduat_reference_t result_ref;
  amduat_artifact_t artifact;
  amduat_pel_surface_execution_result_t result;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;
  ref_format = global->ref_format;
  root = global->root;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      input_path = argv[++i];
      input_path_set = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--result-ref") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --result-ref requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      result_ref_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &input_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--expect-type-tag") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --expect-type-tag requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_asl_parse_type_tag(argv[++i], &expect_type_tag)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid expect-type-tag\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      has_expect_type_tag = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --root requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      root = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 || strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (result_ref_text != NULL && input_path_set) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: use --input or --result-ref\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  memset(&artifact, 0, sizeof(artifact));
  if (result_ref_text != NULL) {
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_load_config(root, &cfg)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to load store config: %s\n", root);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_store_fs_init(&fs, cfg.config, root)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to initialize store\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CONFIG;
    }
    amduat_asl_store_init(&store, cfg.config, amduat_asl_store_fs_ops(), &fs);

    if (!amduat_pel_cli_ref_from_text(result_ref_text,
                                      ref_format,
                                      &stdin_used,
                                      &result_ref)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid result-ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }

    {
      amduat_asl_store_error_t err =
          amduat_asl_store_get(&store, result_ref, &artifact);
      if (err != AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: store get failed: %s\n",
                amduat_pel_cli_store_error_str(err));
        amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&result_ref);
        return amduat_pel_cli_map_store_error(err);
      }
    }
    amduat_pel_cli_free_reference(&result_ref);
  } else {
    uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
    size_t len = 0;
    if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(input_path,
                                       &stdin_used,
                                       &bytes,
                                       &len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read input\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets(bytes, len),
                                        input_format,
                                        false,
                                        amduat_type_tag(0),
                                        &artifact)) {
      free(bytes);
      fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid artifact encoding\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    if (input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
      free(bytes);
    }
  }

  if (has_expect_type_tag) {
    if (!amduat_asl_artifact_expect_type_tag(&artifact, expect_type_tag)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
      amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
    }
  }
  if (artifact.has_type_tag &&
      artifact.type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL1_RESULT_1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
  }

  memset(&result, 0, sizeof(result));
  if (!amduat_pel_result_decode_artifact(&artifact, &result)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid result encoding\n");
    amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (!amduat_format_pel_result(stdout, &result, format, ref_format)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to format result\n");
    exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  } else if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_JSON) {
    fputc('\n', stdout);
  }

  amduat_enc_pel1_result_free(&result);
  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_result(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  if (argc < 1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: result requires a subcommand\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "decode") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_result_decode(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown result subcommand: %s\n", argv[0]);
  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op_list(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  const amduat_pel_kernel_op_desc_t *descs;
  size_t descs_len = 0;
  size_t i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;

  for (i = 0; i < (size_t)argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= (size_t)argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 ||
               strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  descs = amduat_pel_kernel_op_descs(&descs_len);
  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
    for (i = 0; i < descs_len; ++i) {
      const char *name = amduat_pel_kernel_op_name(descs[i].kind);
      if (name == NULL) {
        continue;
      }
      fprintf(stdout, "name=%s version=1\n", name);
    }
  } else {
    bool first = true;
    fputs("{\"ops\":[", stdout);
    for (i = 0; i < descs_len; ++i) {
      const char *name = amduat_pel_kernel_op_name(descs[i].kind);
      if (name == NULL) {
        continue;
      }
      if (!first) {
        fputc(',', stdout);
      }
      first = false;
      fprintf(stdout, "{\"name\":");
      amduat_format_json_escape(stdout,
                                amduat_octets(name, strlen(name)));
      fprintf(stdout, ",\"version\":1}");
    }
    fputs("]}\n", stdout);
  }

  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op_describe(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *op_text = NULL;
  amduat_octets_t op_name;
  uint32_t op_version = 1;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  const amduat_pel_kernel_op_desc_t *desc;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 ||
               strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else if (op_text == NULL) {
      op_text = argv[i];
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unexpected argument: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (op_text == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: NAME[=VERSION] is required\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  op_name = amduat_octets(NULL, 0);
  if (!amduat_pel_op_parse_name(op_text, &op_name, &op_version)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid op name\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  desc = amduat_pel_kernel_op_lookup(op_name, op_version);
  if (desc == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: op not found\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_NOT_FOUND;
  }

  if (!amduat_format_pel_op_desc(stdout,
                                 desc,
                                 op_name,
                                 op_version,
                                 format)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to format op description\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op_params_decode(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  const char *op_text = NULL;
  amduat_octets_t op_name;
  uint32_t op_version = 1;
  const char *input_path = NULL;
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  const amduat_pel_kernel_op_desc_t *desc;
  amduat_pel_kernel_params_t params;
  uint8_t *bytes = NULL;
  size_t len = 0;
  bool stdin_used = false;
  int exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--op") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --op requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      op_text = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--input") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --input requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      input_path = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 ||
               strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (op_text == NULL || input_path == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: --op and --input are required\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  op_name = amduat_octets(NULL, 0);
  if (!amduat_pel_op_parse_name(op_text, &op_name, &op_version)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid op name\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  desc = amduat_pel_kernel_op_lookup(op_name, op_version);
  if (desc == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: op not found\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_NOT_FOUND;
  }

  if (!amduat_pel_cli_read_path_once(input_path,
                                     &stdin_used,
                                     &bytes,
                                     &len)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read input\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
  }

  if (!amduat_pel_kernel_params_decode(
          desc, amduat_octets(bytes, len), &params)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to decode params\n");
    free(bytes);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  if (!amduat_format_pel_op_params(stdout,
                                   &params,
                                   op_name,
                                   op_version,
                                   format)) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to format params\n");
    exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
  }

  free(bytes);
  return exit_code;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  if (argc < 1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: op requires a subcommand\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "list") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op_list(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "describe") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op_describe(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "params-decode") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op_params_decode(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown op subcommand: %s\n", argv[0]);
  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_scheme_show(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  amduat_format_output_t format;
  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
  amduat_reference_t scheme_ref;
  int i;

  if (global == NULL) {
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  format = global->format;
  ref_format = global->ref_format;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 ||
               strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  scheme_ref = amduat_pel_program_dag_scheme_ref();

  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
    fprintf(stdout, "scheme_ref=");
    if (!amduat_format_ref_write_text(stdout, scheme_ref, ref_format)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode scheme ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    fputc('\n', stdout);
    fprintf(stdout, "program_type_tag=0x%08x\n",
            AMDUAT_PEL_TYPE_TAG_PROGRAM_DAG_1);
    fprintf(stdout, "trace_type_tag=0x%08x\n",
            AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL_TRACE_DAG_1);
    fprintf(stdout, "result_type_tag=0x%08x\n",
            AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL1_RESULT_1);
    fprintf(stdout, "program_profile_id=0x%04x\n",
            AMDUAT_PEL_ENC_PROGRAM_DAG_V1);
    fprintf(stdout, "trace_profile_id=0x%04x\n",
            AMDUAT_PEL_ENC_TRACE_DAG_V1);
    fprintf(stdout, "result_profile_id=0x%04x\n",
            AMDUAT_PEL_ENC_EXECUTION_RESULT_V1);
  } else {
    fputs("{\"scheme_ref\":", stdout);
    if (!amduat_format_ref_write_json(stdout, scheme_ref, ref_format)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode scheme ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    fprintf(stdout, ",\"program_type_tag\":%u",
            AMDUAT_PEL_TYPE_TAG_PROGRAM_DAG_1);
    fprintf(stdout, ",\"trace_type_tag\":%u",
            AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL_TRACE_DAG_1);
    fprintf(stdout, ",\"result_type_tag\":%u",
            AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL1_RESULT_1);
    fprintf(stdout, ",\"program_profile_id\":%u",
            AMDUAT_PEL_ENC_PROGRAM_DAG_V1);
    fprintf(stdout, ",\"trace_profile_id\":%u",
            AMDUAT_PEL_ENC_TRACE_DAG_V1);
    fprintf(stdout, ",\"result_profile_id\":%u}\n",
            AMDUAT_PEL_ENC_EXECUTION_RESULT_V1);
  }

  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_scheme_dag_ref(int argc, char **argv) {
  amduat_format_ref_format_t fmt = AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX;
  amduat_reference_t scheme_ref;
  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &fmt)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 ||
               strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  scheme_ref = amduat_pel_program_dag_scheme_ref();
  if (fmt == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX) {
    char *text = NULL;
    if (!amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(scheme_ref, &text)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode scheme ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    fputs(text, stdout);
    fputc('\n', stdout);
    free(text);
  } else {
    amduat_octets_t encoded;
    if (!amduat_enc_asl1_core_encode_reference_v1(scheme_ref, &encoded)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode scheme ref\n");
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
    }
    if (!amduat_asl_write_stream(stdout, encoded.data, encoded.len)) {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to write scheme ref\n");
      free((void *)encoded.data);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
    }
    free((void *)encoded.data);
  }

  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_scheme(
    int argc,
    char **argv,
    const amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t *global) {
  if (argc < 1) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: scheme requires a subcommand\n");
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "show") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_scheme_show(argc - 1, argv + 1, global);
  }
  if (strcmp(argv[0], "dag-ref") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_scheme_dag_ref(argc - 1, argv + 1);
  }
  fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown scheme subcommand: %s\n", argv[0]);
  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
}

static int amduat_pel_cli_cmd_help(int argc, char **argv) {
  (void)argc;
  (void)argv;
  amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
  amduat_pel_cli_global_opts_t global;
  const char *command = NULL;
  int i;

  memset(&global, 0, sizeof(global));
  global.root = AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_DEFAULT_ROOT;
  global.ref_format = AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX;
  global.format = AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT;
  global.quiet = false;

  for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
    if (argv[i][0] != '-') {
      command = argv[i];
      ++i;
      break;
    }
    if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --root requires a path\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      global.root = argv[++i];
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref-format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &global.ref_format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--format") == 0) {
      if (i + 1 >= argc) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: --format requires a value\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
      if (!amduat_format_output_parse(argv[++i], &global.format)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid format\n");
        return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
      }
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--quiet") == 0) {
      global.quiet = true;
    } else if (strcmp(argv[i], "--help") == 0 ||
               strcmp(argv[i], "-h") == 0) {
      amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stdout);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
    } else {
      fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown option: %s\n", argv[i]);
      return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
    }
  }

  if (command == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "error: command required\n");
    amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stderr);
    return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
  }

  if (strcmp(command, "run") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_run(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "exec") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_exec(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "validate") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_validate(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "program") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_program(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "trace") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_trace(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "result") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_result(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "op") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_op(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "scheme") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_scheme(argc - i, argv + i, &global);
  }
  if (strcmp(command, "help") == 0) {
    return amduat_pel_cli_cmd_help(argc - i, argv + i);
  }

  fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown command: %s\n", command);
  amduat_pel_cli_print_usage(stderr);
  return AMDUAT_PEL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
}