Extract shared IO/parse/decode/run utilities

add artifact/ref IO, format parse, opreg formatting, PEL decode/run modules
refactor PEL/ASL CLIs and pel_run/seed to use shared helpers
update build to include new sources and headers

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -61,8 +61,10 @@ set(AMDUAT_UTIL_SRCS
 
 set(AMDUAT_ASL_SRCS
   src/kernel/asl/core.c
+  src/near_core/asl/artifact_io.c
   src/near_core/asl/io.c
   src/near_core/asl/parse.c
+  src/near_core/asl/ref_io.c
   src/near_core/asl/store.c
   src/near_core/asl/ref_text.c
   src/near_core/asl/registry.c
@@ -84,15 +86,19 @@ set(AMDUAT_ENC_SRCS
 
 set(AMDUAT_FORMAT_SRCS
   src/near_core/format/json.c
+  src/near_core/format/opreg_util.c
+  src/near_core/format/parse.c
   src/near_core/format/ref.c
   src/near_core/format/pel.c
 )
 
 set(AMDUAT_PEL_SRCS
   src/kernel/pel/core.c
+  src/pel_stack/decode.c
   src/pel_stack/surf/surf.c
   src/pel_stack/program_dag/program_dag.c
   src/pel_stack/program_dag/program_dag_desc.c
+  src/pel_stack/run.c
   src/pel_stack/trace_dag/trace_dag.c
   src/pel_stack/opreg/kernel.c
   src/pel_stack/opreg/kernel_params.c

include/amduat/asl/artifact_io.h

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef AMDUAT_ASL_ARTIFACT_IO_H
+#define AMDUAT_ASL_ARTIFACT_IO_H
+
+#include "amduat/asl/core.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef enum {
+  AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW = 0,
+  AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT = 1
+} amduat_asl_io_format_t;
+
+/* For AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW, out_artifact takes ownership of input bytes. */
+bool amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets_t input,
+                                    amduat_asl_io_format_t format,
+                                    bool has_type_tag,
+                                    amduat_type_tag_t type_tag,
+                                    amduat_artifact_t *out_artifact);
+
+bool amduat_asl_artifact_expect_type_tag(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                         amduat_type_tag_t expected);
+
+void amduat_asl_artifact_free(amduat_artifact_t *artifact);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* AMDUAT_ASL_ARTIFACT_IO_H */

include/amduat/asl/ref_io.h

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#ifndef AMDUAT_ASL_REF_IO_H
+#define AMDUAT_ASL_REF_IO_H
+
+#include "amduat/asl/core.h"
+#include "amduat/format/ref.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool amduat_asl_ref_decode_format(amduat_format_ref_format_t fmt,
+                                  amduat_octets_t input,
+                                  amduat_reference_t *out_ref);
+
+bool amduat_asl_ref_list_parse(amduat_octets_t input,
+                               amduat_format_ref_format_t fmt,
+                               amduat_reference_t **out_refs,
+                               size_t *out_len);
+
+void amduat_asl_ref_list_free(amduat_reference_t *refs, size_t len);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* AMDUAT_ASL_REF_IO_H */

include/amduat/format/opreg_util.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#ifndef AMDUAT_FORMAT_OPREG_UTIL_H
+#define AMDUAT_FORMAT_OPREG_UTIL_H
+
+#include "amduat/asl/core.h"
+#include "amduat/format/output.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/opreg_kernel.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/opreg_kernel_params.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool amduat_pel_op_parse_name(const char *text,
+                              amduat_octets_t *out_name,
+                              uint32_t *out_version);
+
+bool amduat_format_pel_op_desc(FILE *stream,
+                               const amduat_pel_kernel_op_desc_t *desc,
+                               amduat_octets_t op_name,
+                               uint32_t version,
+                               amduat_format_output_t format);
+
+bool amduat_format_pel_op_params(FILE *stream,
+                                 const amduat_pel_kernel_params_t *params,
+                                 amduat_octets_t op_name,
+                                 uint32_t version,
+                                 amduat_format_output_t format);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* AMDUAT_FORMAT_OPREG_UTIL_H */

include/amduat/format/parse.h

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#ifndef AMDUAT_FORMAT_PARSE_H
+#define AMDUAT_FORMAT_PARSE_H
+
+#include "amduat/asl/artifact_io.h"
+#include "amduat/format/output.h"
+#include "amduat/format/ref.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool amduat_format_ref_parse(const char *text,
+                             amduat_format_ref_format_t *out_fmt);
+
+bool amduat_format_output_parse(const char *text,
+                                amduat_format_output_t *out_fmt);
+
+bool amduat_asl_io_format_parse(const char *text,
+                                amduat_asl_io_format_t *out_fmt);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* AMDUAT_FORMAT_PARSE_H */

include/amduat/pel/decode.h

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#ifndef AMDUAT_PEL_DECODE_H
+#define AMDUAT_PEL_DECODE_H
+
+#include "amduat/asl/core.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/program_dag.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/surf.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/trace_dag.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+bool amduat_pel_program_decode_artifact(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                        amduat_pel_program_t *out_program);
+
+bool amduat_pel_trace_decode_artifact(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                      amduat_pel_trace_dag_value_t *out_trace);
+
+bool amduat_pel_result_decode_artifact(
+    const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+    amduat_pel_surface_execution_result_t *out_result);
+
+bool amduat_pel_program_validate_artifact(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                          bool *out_valid);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* AMDUAT_PEL_DECODE_H */

include/amduat/pel/run.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_H
+#define AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_H
+
+#include "amduat/asl/core.h"
+#include "amduat/asl/store.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/core.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/surf.h"
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct {
+  amduat_reference_t result_ref;
+  amduat_reference_t *output_refs;
+  size_t output_refs_len;
+  bool has_result_value;
+  amduat_pel_surface_execution_result_t result_value;
+} amduat_pel_run_result_t;
+
+bool amduat_pel_surf_run_with_result(amduat_asl_store_t *store,
+                                     amduat_reference_t scheme_ref,
+                                     amduat_reference_t program_ref,
+                                     const amduat_reference_t *input_refs,
+                                     size_t input_refs_len,
+                                     bool has_params_ref,
+                                     amduat_reference_t params_ref,
+                                     amduat_pel_run_result_t *out_run);
+
+bool amduat_pel_exec_program_bytes(amduat_octets_t program_bytes,
+                                   const amduat_artifact_t *inputs,
+                                   size_t inputs_len,
+                                   amduat_artifact_t **out_outputs,
+                                   size_t *out_outputs_len,
+                                   amduat_pel_execution_result_value_t *out_result);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
+
+#endif /* AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_H */

src/near_core/asl/artifact_io.c

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include "amduat/asl/artifact_io.h"
+
+#include "amduat/enc/asl1_core_codec.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+bool amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets_t input,
+                                    amduat_asl_io_format_t format,
+                                    bool has_type_tag,
+                                    amduat_type_tag_t type_tag,
+                                    amduat_artifact_t *out_artifact) {
+  if (out_artifact == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (input.len != 0 && input.data == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  memset(out_artifact, 0, sizeof(*out_artifact));
+  if (format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW) {
+    *out_artifact = has_type_tag ? amduat_artifact_with_type(input, type_tag)
+                                 : amduat_artifact(input);
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
+    return amduat_enc_asl1_core_decode_artifact_v1(input, out_artifact);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool amduat_asl_artifact_expect_type_tag(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                         amduat_type_tag_t expected) {
+  if (artifact == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return artifact->has_type_tag && artifact->type_tag.tag_id == expected.tag_id;
+}
+
+void amduat_asl_artifact_free(amduat_artifact_t *artifact) {
+  if (artifact == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  free((void *)artifact->bytes.data);
+  artifact->bytes.data = NULL;
+  artifact->bytes.len = 0u;
+  artifact->has_type_tag = false;
+  artifact->type_tag = amduat_type_tag(0u);
+}

src/near_core/asl/ref_io.c

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#include "amduat/asl/ref_io.h"
+
+#include "amduat/asl/ref_text.h"
+#include "amduat/hash/asl1.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+static void amduat_asl_ref_free(amduat_reference_t *ref) {
+  if (ref == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  free((void *)ref->digest.data);
+  ref->digest.data = NULL;
+  ref->digest.len = 0u;
+}
+
+static bool amduat_asl_ref_decode_hex_bytes(const uint8_t *data,
+                                            size_t len,
+                                            amduat_reference_t *out_ref) {
+  size_t start = 0;
+  size_t end = len;
+  char *text;
+  bool ok;
+
+  if (data == NULL || out_ref == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  while (start < end && isspace((unsigned char)data[start])) {
+    ++start;
+  }
+  while (end > start && isspace((unsigned char)data[end - 1])) {
+    --end;
+  }
+  if (end <= start) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  text = (char *)malloc(end - start + 1u);
+  if (text == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  memcpy(text, data + start, end - start);
+  text[end - start] = '\0';
+  ok = amduat_asl_ref_decode_hex(text, out_ref);
+  free(text);
+  return ok;
+}
+
+bool amduat_asl_ref_decode_format(amduat_format_ref_format_t fmt,
+                                  amduat_octets_t input,
+                                  amduat_reference_t *out_ref) {
+  if (out_ref == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (input.len != 0 && input.data == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (fmt == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX) {
+    return amduat_asl_ref_decode_hex_bytes(input.data, input.len, out_ref);
+  }
+  if (fmt == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_BYTES) {
+    return amduat_asl_ref_decode_bytes(input.data, input.len, out_ref);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool amduat_asl_ref_list_parse(amduat_octets_t input,
+                               amduat_format_ref_format_t fmt,
+                               amduat_reference_t **out_refs,
+                               size_t *out_len) {
+  amduat_reference_t *refs = NULL;
+  size_t refs_len = 0;
+
+  if (out_refs == NULL || out_len == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out_refs = NULL;
+  *out_len = 0;
+  if (input.len != 0 && input.data == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (fmt == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_BYTES) {
+    size_t offset = 0;
+    while (offset < input.len) {
+      amduat_hash_id_t hash_id;
+      const amduat_hash_asl1_desc_t *hash_desc;
+      size_t digest_len;
+      size_t total_len;
+      amduat_reference_t ref;
+      amduat_reference_t *next;
+
+      if (input.len - offset < sizeof(uint16_t)) {
+        amduat_asl_ref_list_free(refs, refs_len);
+        return false;
+      }
+      hash_id = (amduat_hash_id_t)((input.data[offset] << 8u) |
+                                   input.data[offset + 1u]);
+      hash_desc = amduat_hash_asl1_desc_lookup(hash_id);
+      if (hash_desc == NULL || hash_desc->digest_len == 0) {
+        amduat_asl_ref_list_free(refs, refs_len);
+        return false;
+      }
+      digest_len = hash_desc->digest_len;
+      total_len = sizeof(uint16_t) + digest_len;
+      if (offset + total_len > input.len) {
+        amduat_asl_ref_list_free(refs, refs_len);
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      if (!amduat_asl_ref_decode_bytes(input.data + offset,
+                                       total_len,
+                                       &ref)) {
+        amduat_asl_ref_list_free(refs, refs_len);
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      next = (amduat_reference_t *)realloc(
+          refs, (refs_len + 1u) * sizeof(*refs));
+      if (next == NULL) {
+        amduat_asl_ref_free(&ref);
+        amduat_asl_ref_list_free(refs, refs_len);
+        return false;
+      }
+      refs = next;
+      refs[refs_len++] = ref;
+      offset += total_len;
+    }
+    *out_refs = refs;
+    *out_len = refs_len;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  {
+    size_t i = 0;
+    while (i < input.len) {
+      size_t start;
+      size_t token_len;
+      amduat_reference_t ref;
+      amduat_reference_t *next;
+
+      while (i < input.len && isspace((unsigned char)input.data[i])) {
+        ++i;
+      }
+      if (i >= input.len) {
+        break;
+      }
+      start = i;
+      while (i < input.len && !isspace((unsigned char)input.data[i])) {
+        ++i;
+      }
+      token_len = i - start;
+
+      if (!amduat_asl_ref_decode_hex_bytes(input.data + start,
+                                           token_len,
+                                           &ref)) {
+        amduat_asl_ref_list_free(refs, refs_len);
+        return false;
+      }
+
+      next = (amduat_reference_t *)realloc(
+          refs, (refs_len + 1u) * sizeof(*refs));
+      if (next == NULL) {
+        amduat_asl_ref_free(&ref);
+        amduat_asl_ref_list_free(refs, refs_len);
+        return false;
+      }
+      refs = next;
+      refs[refs_len++] = ref;
+    }
+  }
+
+  *out_refs = refs;
+  *out_len = refs_len;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void amduat_asl_ref_list_free(amduat_reference_t *refs, size_t len) {
+  size_t i;
+
+  if (refs == NULL) {
+    return;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
+    amduat_asl_ref_free(&refs[i]);
+  }
+  free(refs);
+}

src/near_core/format/opreg_util.c

@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#include "amduat/format/opreg_util.h"
+
+#include "amduat/asl/parse.h"
+#include "amduat/format/json.h"
+#include "amduat/format/pel.h"
+#include "amduat/hash/asl1.h"
+#include "amduat/util/hex.h"
+
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+bool amduat_pel_op_parse_name(const char *text,
+                              amduat_octets_t *out_name,
+                              uint32_t *out_version) {
+  const char *eq;
+  uint32_t version;
+
+  if (text == NULL || out_name == NULL || out_version == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  eq = strchr(text, '=');
+  if (eq == NULL) {
+    *out_name = amduat_octets(text, strlen(text));
+    *out_version = 1;
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  if (eq == text) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (!amduat_asl_parse_u32(eq + 1, &version)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *out_name = amduat_octets(text, (size_t)(eq - text));
+  *out_version = version;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool amduat_format_pel_op_desc(FILE *stream,
+                               const amduat_pel_kernel_op_desc_t *desc,
+                               amduat_octets_t op_name,
+                               uint32_t version,
+                               amduat_format_output_t format) {
+  if (stream == NULL || desc == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
+    fprintf(stream, "name=%.*s\n", (int)op_name.len, (const char *)op_name.data);
+    fprintf(stream, "version=%u\n", version);
+    fprintf(stream, "kind=%s\n",
+            amduat_format_pel_kernel_kind_name(desc->kind));
+    fprintf(stream, "kernel_op_code=0x%04x\n", desc->kernel_op_code);
+    fprintf(stream, "min_inputs=%zu\n", desc->min_inputs);
+    fprintf(stream, "max_inputs=%zu\n", desc->max_inputs);
+    fprintf(stream, "outputs_len=%zu\n", desc->outputs_len);
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  fputs("{\"name\":", stream);
+  amduat_format_json_escape(stream, op_name);
+  fprintf(stream, ",\"version\":%u", version);
+  fputs(",\"kind\":", stream);
+  amduat_format_json_escape(
+      stream,
+      amduat_octets(amduat_format_pel_kernel_kind_name(desc->kind),
+                    strlen(amduat_format_pel_kernel_kind_name(desc->kind))));
+  fprintf(stream, ",\"kernel_op_code\":%u", desc->kernel_op_code);
+  fprintf(stream, ",\"min_inputs\":%zu", desc->min_inputs);
+  fprintf(stream, ",\"max_inputs\":%zu", desc->max_inputs);
+  fprintf(stream, ",\"outputs_len\":%zu}\n", desc->outputs_len);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool amduat_format_pel_op_params(FILE *stream,
+                                 const amduat_pel_kernel_params_t *params,
+                                 amduat_octets_t op_name,
+                                 uint32_t version,
+                                 amduat_format_output_t format) {
+  if (stream == NULL || params == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  if (format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT) {
+    fprintf(stream, "op=%.*s\n", (int)op_name.len, (const char *)op_name.data);
+    fprintf(stream, "version=%u\n", version);
+    fprintf(stream, "kind=%s\n",
+            amduat_format_pel_kernel_kind_name(params->kind));
+    switch (params->kind) {
+      case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_CONCAT:
+        fprintf(stream, "params=unit\n");
+        break;
+      case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_SLICE:
+        fprintf(stream, "offset=%" PRIu64 "\n",
+                (uint64_t)params->value.slice.offset);
+        fprintf(stream, "length=%" PRIu64 "\n",
+                (uint64_t)params->value.slice.length);
+        break;
+      case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_CONST: {
+        char *hex = NULL;
+        if (!amduat_hex_encode_alloc(params->value.konst.bytes.data,
+                                     params->value.konst.bytes.len,
+                                     &hex)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        fprintf(stream, "has_type_tag=%s\n",
+                params->value.konst.has_type_tag ? "true" : "false");
+        if (params->value.konst.has_type_tag) {
+          fprintf(stream, "type_tag=0x%08x\n",
+                  (unsigned int)params->value.konst.tag_id);
+        }
+        fprintf(stream, "bytes_hex=%s\n", hex);
+        free(hex);
+        break;
+      }
+      case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_HASH_ASL1: {
+        const amduat_hash_asl1_desc_t *desc_hash =
+            amduat_hash_asl1_desc_lookup(params->value.hash.hash_id);
+        fprintf(stream, "hash_id=0x%04x\n",
+                (unsigned int)params->value.hash.hash_id);
+        if (desc_hash != NULL && desc_hash->name != NULL) {
+          fprintf(stream, "hash_name=%s\n", desc_hash->name);
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default:
+        break;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  fputs("{\"op\":", stream);
+  amduat_format_json_escape(stream, op_name);
+  fprintf(stream, ",\"version\":%u", version);
+  fputs(",\"kind\":", stream);
+  amduat_format_json_escape(
+      stream,
+      amduat_octets(amduat_format_pel_kernel_kind_name(params->kind),
+                    strlen(amduat_format_pel_kernel_kind_name(params->kind))));
+  switch (params->kind) {
+    case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_CONCAT:
+      fputs(",\"params\":null", stream);
+      break;
+    case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_SLICE:
+      fprintf(stream, ",\"offset\":%" PRIu64,
+              (uint64_t)params->value.slice.offset);
+      fprintf(stream, ",\"length\":%" PRIu64,
+              (uint64_t)params->value.slice.length);
+      break;
+    case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_CONST: {
+      char *hex = NULL;
+      if (!amduat_hex_encode_alloc(params->value.konst.bytes.data,
+                                   params->value.konst.bytes.len,
+                                   &hex)) {
+        return false;
+      }
+      fputs(",\"has_type_tag\":", stream);
+      fputs(params->value.konst.has_type_tag ? "true" : "false", stream);
+      if (params->value.konst.has_type_tag) {
+        fprintf(stream, ",\"type_tag\":%u", params->value.konst.tag_id);
+      } else {
+        fputs(",\"type_tag\":null", stream);
+      }
+      fputs(",\"bytes_hex\":", stream);
+      amduat_format_json_escape(stream, amduat_octets(hex, strlen(hex)));
+      free(hex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case AMDUAT_PEL_KERNEL_OP_HASH_ASL1: {
+      const amduat_hash_asl1_desc_t *desc_hash =
+          amduat_hash_asl1_desc_lookup(params->value.hash.hash_id);
+      fprintf(stream, ",\"hash_id\":%u",
+              (unsigned int)params->value.hash.hash_id);
+      fputs(",\"hash_name\":", stream);
+      if (desc_hash != NULL && desc_hash->name != NULL) {
+        amduat_format_json_escape(
+            stream,
+            amduat_octets(desc_hash->name, strlen(desc_hash->name)));
+      } else {
+        fputs("null", stream);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      break;
+  }
+  fputs("}\n", stream);
+  return true;
+}

src/near_core/format/parse.c

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "amduat/format/parse.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+bool amduat_format_ref_parse(const char *text,
+                             amduat_format_ref_format_t *out_fmt) {
+  if (text == NULL || out_fmt == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (strcmp(text, "hex") == 0) {
+    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (strcmp(text, "bytes") == 0) {
+    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_BYTES;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool amduat_format_output_parse(const char *text,
+                                amduat_format_output_t *out_fmt) {
+  if (text == NULL || out_fmt == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (strcmp(text, "text") == 0) {
+    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_TEXT;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (strcmp(text, "json") == 0) {
+    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_FORMAT_OUTPUT_JSON;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool amduat_asl_io_format_parse(const char *text,
+                                amduat_asl_io_format_t *out_fmt) {
+  if (text == NULL || out_fmt == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (strcmp(text, "raw") == 0) {
+    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
+    return true;
+  }
+  if (strcmp(text, "artifact") == 0) {
+    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT;
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}

src/pel_stack/decode.c

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "amduat/pel/decode.h"
+
+#include "amduat/enc/pel1_result.h"
+#include "amduat/enc/pel_program_dag.h"
+#include "amduat/enc/pel_trace_dag.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/program_dag_desc.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+bool amduat_pel_program_decode_artifact(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                        amduat_pel_program_t *out_program) {
+  if (artifact == NULL || out_program == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (artifact->has_type_tag &&
+      artifact->type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_PEL_TYPE_TAG_PROGRAM_DAG_1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  memset(out_program, 0, sizeof(*out_program));
+  return amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_decode_v1(artifact->bytes, out_program);
+}
+
+bool amduat_pel_trace_decode_artifact(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                      amduat_pel_trace_dag_value_t *out_trace) {
+  if (artifact == NULL || out_trace == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (artifact->has_type_tag &&
+      artifact->type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL_TRACE_DAG_1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  memset(out_trace, 0, sizeof(*out_trace));
+  return amduat_enc_pel_trace_dag_decode_v1(artifact->bytes, out_trace);
+}
+
+bool amduat_pel_result_decode_artifact(
+    const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+    amduat_pel_surface_execution_result_t *out_result) {
+  if (artifact == NULL || out_result == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (artifact->has_type_tag &&
+      artifact->type_tag.tag_id != AMDUAT_TYPE_TAG_PEL1_RESULT_1) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  memset(out_result, 0, sizeof(*out_result));
+  return amduat_enc_pel1_result_decode_v1(artifact->bytes, out_result);
+}
+
+bool amduat_pel_program_validate_artifact(const amduat_artifact_t *artifact,
+                                          bool *out_valid) {
+  amduat_pel_program_t program;
+  bool ok;
+
+  if (out_valid == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *out_valid = false;
+  if (!amduat_pel_program_decode_artifact(artifact, &program)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ok = amduat_pel_program_dag_validate(&program);
+  amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_free(&program);
+  *out_valid = ok;
+  return true;
+}

src/pel_stack/run.c

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "amduat/pel/run.h"
+
+#include "amduat/asl/artifact_io.h"
+#include "amduat/enc/pel1_result.h"
+#include "amduat/enc/pel_program_dag.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/program_dag.h"
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+bool amduat_pel_surf_run_with_result(amduat_asl_store_t *store,
+                                     amduat_reference_t scheme_ref,
+                                     amduat_reference_t program_ref,
+                                     const amduat_reference_t *input_refs,
+                                     size_t input_refs_len,
+                                     bool has_params_ref,
+                                     amduat_reference_t params_ref,
+                                     amduat_pel_run_result_t *out_run) {
+  amduat_artifact_t result_artifact;
+
+  if (out_run == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  memset(out_run, 0, sizeof(*out_run));
+
+  if (!amduat_pel_surf_run(store,
+                           scheme_ref,
+                           program_ref,
+                           input_refs,
+                           input_refs_len,
+                           has_params_ref,
+                           params_ref,
+                           &out_run->output_refs,
+                           &out_run->output_refs_len,
+                           &out_run->result_ref)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  memset(&result_artifact, 0, sizeof(result_artifact));
+  if (amduat_asl_store_get(store, out_run->result_ref, &result_artifact) ==
+      AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
+    if (amduat_enc_pel1_result_decode_v1(result_artifact.bytes,
+                                         &out_run->result_value)) {
+      out_run->has_result_value = true;
+    }
+  }
+  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&result_artifact);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool amduat_pel_exec_program_bytes(amduat_octets_t program_bytes,
+                                   const amduat_artifact_t *inputs,
+                                   size_t inputs_len,
+                                   amduat_artifact_t **out_outputs,
+                                   size_t *out_outputs_len,
+                                   amduat_pel_execution_result_value_t *out_result) {
+  amduat_pel_program_t program;
+  bool ok;
+
+  if (out_outputs == NULL || out_outputs_len == NULL || out_result == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (inputs_len != 0 && inputs == NULL) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  *out_outputs = NULL;
+  *out_outputs_len = 0;
+  memset(out_result, 0, sizeof(*out_result));
+
+  memset(&program, 0, sizeof(program));
+  if (!amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_decode_v1(program_bytes, &program)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  ok = amduat_pel_program_dag_exec(&program,
+                                   inputs,
+                                   inputs_len,
+                                   out_outputs,
+                                   out_outputs_len,
+                                   out_result);
+  amduat_enc_pel_program_dag_free(&program);
+  return ok;
+}

src/tools/amduat_asl_cli.c

@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+#include "amduat/asl/artifact_io.h"
 #include "amduat/asl/asl_store_fs.h"
 #include "amduat/asl/asl_store_fs_meta.h"
 #include "amduat/asl/io.h"
 #include "amduat/asl/parse.h"
+#include "amduat/asl/ref_io.h"
 #include "amduat/asl/ref_text.h"
 #include "amduat/asl/store.h"
 #include "amduat/enc/asl1_core_codec.h"
+#include "amduat/format/parse.h"
+#include "amduat/format/ref.h"
 #include <stdbool.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
@@ -24,16 +28,6 @@ enum {
 
 static const char *const AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_DEFAULT_ROOT = ".amduat-asl";
 
-typedef enum {
-  AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_HEX = 0,
-  AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_BYTES = 1
-} amduat_asl_cli_ref_format_t;
-
-typedef enum {
-  AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_RAW = 0,
-  AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_ARTIFACT = 1
-} amduat_asl_cli_io_format_t;
-
 typedef struct {
   const char *root;
   const char *store_id;
@@ -47,8 +41,8 @@ typedef struct {
   const char *root;
   const char *input_path;
   const char *output_path;
-  amduat_asl_cli_io_format_t input_format;
+  amduat_asl_io_format_t input_format;
-  amduat_asl_cli_ref_format_t ref_format;
+  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
   bool has_type_tag;
   amduat_type_tag_t type_tag;
   bool quiet;
@@ -58,8 +52,8 @@ typedef struct {
   const char *root;
   const char *ref;
   const char *output_path;
-  amduat_asl_cli_io_format_t output_format;
+  amduat_asl_io_format_t output_format;
-  amduat_asl_cli_ref_format_t ref_format;
+  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
   bool has_expect_type_tag;
   amduat_type_tag_t expect_type_tag;
   bool print_type_tag;
@@ -95,40 +89,6 @@ static void amduat_asl_cli_print_usage(FILE *stream) {
           AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_DEFAULT_ROOT);
 }
 
-static bool amduat_asl_cli_parse_ref_format(
-    const char *text,
-    amduat_asl_cli_ref_format_t *out_fmt) {
-  if (text == NULL || out_fmt == NULL) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (strcmp(text, "hex") == 0) {
-    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_HEX;
-    return true;
-  }
-  if (strcmp(text, "bytes") == 0) {
-    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_BYTES;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
-static bool amduat_asl_cli_parse_io_format(
-    const char *text,
-    amduat_asl_cli_io_format_t *out_fmt) {
-  if (text == NULL || out_fmt == NULL) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (strcmp(text, "raw") == 0) {
-    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_RAW;
-    return true;
-  }
-  if (strcmp(text, "artifact") == 0) {
-    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_ARTIFACT;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
 static void amduat_asl_cli_free_reference(amduat_reference_t *ref) {
   if (ref == NULL) {
     return;
@@ -138,15 +98,6 @@ static void amduat_asl_cli_free_reference(amduat_reference_t *ref) {
   ref->digest.len = 0u;
 }
 
-static void amduat_asl_cli_free_artifact(amduat_artifact_t *artifact) {
-  if (artifact == NULL) {
-    return;
-  }
-  free((void *)artifact->bytes.data);
-  artifact->bytes.data = NULL;
-  artifact->bytes.len = 0u;
-}
-
 static void amduat_asl_cli_print_store_meta(
     const amduat_asl_store_fs_config_t *cfg) {
   if (cfg == NULL) {
@@ -298,8 +249,8 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_put(int argc, char **argv) {
   opts.root = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_DEFAULT_ROOT;
   opts.input_path = "-";
   opts.output_path = "-";
-  opts.input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_RAW;
+  opts.input_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
-  opts.ref_format = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_HEX;
+  opts.ref_format = AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX;
 
   for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
     if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
@@ -329,7 +280,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_put(int argc, char **argv) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: --input-format requires a value\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
-      if (!amduat_asl_cli_parse_io_format(argv[++i], &opts.input_format)) {
+      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &opts.input_format)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid input-format\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
@@ -338,7 +289,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_put(int argc, char **argv) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
-      if (!amduat_asl_cli_parse_ref_format(argv[++i], &opts.ref_format)) {
+      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &opts.ref_format)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
@@ -359,7 +310,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_put(int argc, char **argv) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (opts.input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_ARTIFACT && opts.has_type_tag) {
+  if (opts.input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT && opts.has_type_tag) {
     fprintf(stderr,
             "error: --type-tag is not valid with --input-format artifact\n");
     return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
@@ -382,22 +333,18 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_put(int argc, char **argv) {
     return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
   }
 
-  if (opts.input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_ARTIFACT) {
+  ok = amduat_asl_artifact_from_bytes(amduat_octets(input_bytes, input_len),
-    ok = amduat_enc_asl1_core_decode_artifact_v1(
+                                      opts.input_format,
-        amduat_octets(input_bytes, input_len),
+                                      opts.has_type_tag,
+                                      opts.type_tag,
                                       &artifact);
+  if (opts.input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_ARTIFACT) {
     free(input_bytes);
+  }
   if (!ok) {
     fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid artifact encoding\n");
     return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
   }
-  } else {
-    artifact = opts.has_type_tag
-                   ? amduat_artifact_with_type(
-                         amduat_octets(input_bytes, input_len),
-                         opts.type_tag)
-                   : amduat_artifact(amduat_octets(input_bytes, input_len));
-  }
 
   memset(&ref, 0, sizeof(ref));
   exit_code = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_OK;
@@ -409,7 +356,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_put(int argc, char **argv) {
               amduat_asl_cli_store_error_str(err));
       exit_code = amduat_asl_cli_map_store_error(err);
     } else {
-      if (opts.ref_format == AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_HEX) {
+      if (opts.ref_format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX) {
         char *hex_ref = NULL;
         if (!amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(ref, &hex_ref)) {
           fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode reference\n");
@@ -455,11 +402,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_put(int argc, char **argv) {
     }
   }
 
-  if (opts.input_format == AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_ARTIFACT) {
+  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
-    amduat_asl_cli_free_artifact(&artifact);
-  } else {
-    free((void *)artifact.bytes.data);
-  }
   amduat_asl_cli_free_reference(&ref);
   return exit_code;
 }
@@ -481,8 +424,8 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_get(int argc, char **argv) {
   memset(&opts, 0, sizeof(opts));
   opts.root = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_DEFAULT_ROOT;
   opts.output_path = "-";
-  opts.output_format = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_RAW;
+  opts.output_format = AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW;
-  opts.ref_format = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_HEX;
+  opts.ref_format = AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX;
 
   for (i = 0; i < argc; ++i) {
     if (strcmp(argv[i], "--ref") == 0) {
@@ -502,7 +445,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_get(int argc, char **argv) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
-      if (!amduat_asl_cli_parse_ref_format(argv[++i], &opts.ref_format)) {
+      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &opts.ref_format)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
@@ -517,7 +460,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_get(int argc, char **argv) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: --output-format requires a value\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
-      if (!amduat_asl_cli_parse_io_format(argv[++i], &opts.output_format)) {
+      if (!amduat_asl_io_format_parse(argv[++i], &opts.output_format)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid output-format\n");
         return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
@@ -561,8 +504,10 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_get(int argc, char **argv) {
   amduat_asl_store_init(&store, cfg.config, amduat_asl_store_fs_ops(), &fs);
 
   memset(&ref, 0, sizeof(ref));
-  if (opts.ref_format == AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_REF_HEX) {
+  if (opts.ref_format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX) {
-    if (!amduat_asl_ref_decode_hex(opts.ref, &ref)) {
+    ok = amduat_asl_ref_decode_format(
+        opts.ref_format, amduat_octets(opts.ref, strlen(opts.ref)), &ref);
+    if (!ok) {
       fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid hex reference\n");
       return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_CODEC;
     }
@@ -573,7 +518,8 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_get(int argc, char **argv) {
       fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to read reference: %s\n", opts.ref);
       return AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_IO;
     }
-    ok = amduat_asl_ref_decode_bytes(ref_bytes, ref_len, &ref);
+    ok = amduat_asl_ref_decode_format(
+        opts.ref_format, amduat_octets(ref_bytes, ref_len), &ref);
     free(ref_bytes);
     if (!ok) {
       fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid reference bytes\n");
@@ -591,15 +537,15 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_get(int argc, char **argv) {
       exit_code = amduat_asl_cli_map_store_error(err);
     } else {
       if (opts.has_expect_type_tag) {
-        if (!artifact.has_type_tag ||
+        if (!amduat_asl_artifact_expect_type_tag(&artifact,
-            artifact.type_tag.tag_id != opts.expect_type_tag.tag_id) {
+                                                 opts.expect_type_tag)) {
           fprintf(stderr, "error: type-tag mismatch\n");
           exit_code = AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_UNSUPPORTED;
         }
       }
 
       if (exit_code == AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_EXIT_OK) {
-        if (opts.output_format == AMDUAT_ASL_CLI_IO_RAW) {
+        if (opts.output_format == AMDUAT_ASL_IO_RAW) {
           if (!amduat_asl_write_path(opts.output_path,
                                          artifact.bytes.data,
                                          artifact.bytes.len)) {
@@ -642,7 +588,7 @@ static int amduat_asl_cli_cmd_get(int argc, char **argv) {
   }
 
   amduat_asl_cli_free_reference(&ref);
-  amduat_asl_cli_free_artifact(&artifact);
+  amduat_asl_artifact_free(&artifact);
   return exit_code;
 }
 

src/tools/amduat_pel_run.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include "amduat/asl/store.h"
 #include "amduat/enc/pel1_result.h"
 #include "amduat/pel/program_dag_desc.h"
+#include "amduat/pel/run.h"
 #include "amduat/pel/surf.h"
 
 #include <stdbool.h>
@@ -161,12 +162,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   amduat_reference_t program_ref;
   amduat_reference_t params_ref;
   amduat_reference_t *input_refs = NULL;
-  amduat_reference_t *output_refs = NULL;
+  amduat_pel_run_result_t run_result;
-  size_t output_refs_len = 0;
-  amduat_reference_t result_ref;
-  amduat_artifact_t result_artifact;
-  amduat_pel_surface_execution_result_t result_value;
-  bool has_result_value = false;
   bool has_trace_ref = false;
   amduat_reference_t trace_ref;
   amduat_artifact_t output_artifact;
@@ -297,8 +293,8 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     }
   }
 
-  memset(&result_ref, 0, sizeof(result_ref));
+  memset(&run_result, 0, sizeof(run_result));
-  if (!amduat_pel_surf_run(
+  if (!amduat_pel_surf_run_with_result(
           &store,
           amduat_pel_program_dag_scheme_ref(),
           program_ref,
@@ -306,36 +302,26 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
           opts.input_refs_len,
           opts.has_params_ref,
           params_ref,
-          &output_refs,
+          &run_result)) {
-          &output_refs_len,
-          &result_ref)) {
     fprintf(stderr, "error: PEL surface execution failed\n");
     exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_EXIT_STORE;
     goto cleanup;
   }
 
   memset(&trace_ref, 0, sizeof(trace_ref));
-  memset(&result_artifact, 0, sizeof(result_artifact));
   memset(&output_artifact, 0, sizeof(output_artifact));
-  if (amduat_asl_store_get(&store, result_ref, &result_artifact) ==
+  if (run_result.has_result_value && run_result.result_value.has_trace_ref) {
-      AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
+    trace_ref = run_result.result_value.trace_ref;
-    if (amduat_enc_pel1_result_decode_v1(result_artifact.bytes,
-                                         &result_value)) {
-      has_result_value = true;
-      if (result_value.has_trace_ref) {
-        trace_ref = result_value.trace_ref;
     has_trace_ref = true;
   }
-    }
-  }
 
   if (opts.output_raw) {
-    if (opts.output_index >= output_refs_len) {
+    if (opts.output_index >= run_result.output_refs_len) {
       fprintf(stderr, "error: output index out of range\n");
       exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_EXIT_USAGE;
       goto cleanup;
     }
-    if (amduat_asl_store_get(&store, output_refs[opts.output_index],
+    if (amduat_asl_store_get(&store, run_result.output_refs[opts.output_index],
                              &output_artifact) != AMDUAT_ASL_STORE_OK) {
       fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to load output artifact\n");
       exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_EXIT_STORE;
@@ -352,24 +338,26 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
     if (!opts.quiet) {
       char *hex_ref = NULL;
       fprintf(stderr, "status=%s(%u)\n",
-              has_result_value
+              run_result.has_result_value
-                  ? amduat_pel_run_status_name(result_value.core_result.status)
+                  ? amduat_pel_run_status_name(
+                        run_result.result_value.core_result.status)
                   : "UNKNOWN",
-              has_result_value ? (unsigned int)result_value.core_result.status
+              run_result.has_result_value
+                  ? (unsigned int)run_result.result_value.core_result.status
                                : 0u);
       fprintf(stderr, "error_kind=%s(%u)\n",
-              has_result_value
+              run_result.has_result_value
                   ? amduat_pel_run_error_kind_name(
-                        result_value.core_result.summary.kind)
+                        run_result.result_value.core_result.summary.kind)
                   : "UNKNOWN",
-              has_result_value
+              run_result.has_result_value
-                  ? (unsigned int)result_value.core_result.summary.kind
+                  ? (unsigned int)run_result.result_value.core_result.summary.kind
                   : 0u);
       fprintf(stderr, "status_code=%u\n",
-              has_result_value
+              run_result.has_result_value
-                  ? (unsigned int)result_value.core_result.summary.status_code
+                  ? (unsigned int)run_result.result_value.core_result.summary.status_code
                   : 0u);
-      if (amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(result_ref, &hex_ref)) {
+      if (amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(run_result.result_ref, &hex_ref)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "result_ref=%s\n", hex_ref);
         free(hex_ref);
       }
@@ -377,7 +365,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         fprintf(stderr, "trace_ref=%s\n", hex_ref);
         free(hex_ref);
       }
-      if (amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(output_refs[opts.output_index], &hex_ref)) {
+      if (amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(run_result.output_refs[opts.output_index], &hex_ref)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "output_ref[%zu]=%s\n", opts.output_index, hex_ref);
         free(hex_ref);
       }
@@ -399,7 +387,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
 
     {
       char *hex_ref = NULL;
-      if (!amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(result_ref, &hex_ref)) {
+      if (!amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(run_result.result_ref, &hex_ref)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode result ref\n");
         exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_EXIT_CODEC;
       } else {
@@ -419,9 +407,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
       }
     }
 
-    for (i = 0; i < (int)output_refs_len; ++i) {
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)run_result.output_refs_len; ++i) {
       char *hex_ref = NULL;
-      if (!amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(output_refs[i], &hex_ref)) {
+      if (!amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(run_result.output_refs[i], &hex_ref)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode output ref\n");
         exit_code = AMDUAT_PEL_RUN_EXIT_CODEC;
         break;
@@ -432,17 +420,17 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   }
 
 cleanup:
-  if (has_result_value) {
+  if (run_result.has_result_value) {
-    amduat_enc_pel1_result_free(&result_value);
+    amduat_enc_pel1_result_free(&run_result.result_value);
   }
   if (has_output_artifact) {
     amduat_pel_run_free_artifact(&output_artifact);
   }
-  if (output_refs != NULL) {
+  if (run_result.output_refs != NULL) {
-    amduat_pel_surf_free_refs(output_refs, output_refs_len);
+    amduat_pel_surf_free_refs(run_result.output_refs,
+                              run_result.output_refs_len);
   }
-  amduat_pel_surf_free_ref(&result_ref);
+  amduat_pel_surf_free_ref(&run_result.result_ref);
-  amduat_pel_run_free_artifact(&result_artifact);
   if (input_refs != NULL) {
     amduat_pel_run_free_refs(input_refs, opts.input_refs_len);
   }

src/tools/amduat_pel_seed.c

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
 #include "amduat/asl/store.h"
 #include "amduat/enc/asl1_core_codec.h"
 #include "amduat/enc/pel_program_dag.h"
+#include "amduat/format/parse.h"
+#include "amduat/format/ref.h"
 #include "amduat/pel/opreg_kernel.h"
 #include "amduat/pel/program_dag_desc.h"
 
@@ -27,11 +29,6 @@ enum {
 
 static const char *const AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_DEFAULT_ROOT = ".amduat-asl";
 
-typedef enum {
-  AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_REF_HEX = 0,
-  AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_REF_BYTES = 1
-} amduat_pel_seed_ref_format_t;
-
 typedef enum {
   AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_CONST = 0,
   AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_CONCAT = 1,
@@ -55,7 +52,7 @@ typedef struct {
   const char *root;
   const char *output_path;
   amduat_pel_seed_kind_t seed;
-  amduat_pel_seed_ref_format_t ref_format;
+  amduat_format_ref_format_t ref_format;
   bool quiet;
   bool list_only;
 } amduat_pel_seed_opts_t;
@@ -87,23 +84,6 @@ static void amduat_pel_seed_print_list(FILE *stream) {
           "  const-hash  Const \"hello\" then hash (no inputs)\n");
 }
 
-static bool amduat_pel_seed_parse_ref_format(
-    const char *text,
-    amduat_pel_seed_ref_format_t *out_fmt) {
-  if (text == NULL || out_fmt == NULL) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  if (strcmp(text, "hex") == 0) {
-    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_REF_HEX;
-    return true;
-  }
-  if (strcmp(text, "bytes") == 0) {
-    *out_fmt = AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_REF_BYTES;
-    return true;
-  }
-  return false;
-}
-
 static bool amduat_pel_seed_parse_kind(const char *text,
                                        amduat_pel_seed_kind_t *out_kind) {
   if (text == NULL || out_kind == NULL) {
@@ -537,7 +517,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   opts.root = AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_DEFAULT_ROOT;
   opts.output_path = "-";
   opts.seed = AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_CONST;
-  opts.ref_format = AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_REF_HEX;
+  opts.ref_format = AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX;
 
   for (i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
     if (strcmp(argv[i], "--root") == 0) {
@@ -560,7 +540,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: --ref-format requires a value\n");
         return AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
-      if (!amduat_pel_seed_parse_ref_format(argv[++i], &opts.ref_format)) {
+      if (!amduat_format_ref_parse(argv[++i], &opts.ref_format)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid ref-format\n");
         return AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_EXIT_USAGE;
       }
@@ -626,7 +606,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv) {
   }
 
   if (exit_code == AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_EXIT_OK) {
-    if (opts.ref_format == AMDUAT_PEL_SEED_REF_HEX) {
+    if (opts.ref_format == AMDUAT_FORMAT_REF_HEX) {
       char *hex_ref = NULL;
       if (!amduat_asl_ref_encode_hex(ref, &hex_ref)) {
         fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to encode reference\n");